Darden, E. (1974). A comparison of body image and self-concept
variables among various sport groups. Unpublished doctoral dissertation,
Florida State University.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body; Body image; Self-concept
Darnell, E. A. (1989). In pursuit of the illusory ideal body.
Unpublished master's thesis, Antioch University.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Ideal body; Body image; Movement education
Daters, C. M. R. (1987). A comparison of the importance of clothing
and self-esteem by female adolescents from a metropolitan school district.
Dissertation Abstracts International, 47(12), 4842B, The University of Nebraska,
Lincoln.
ABSTRACT: The study sought to determine the relationship between the importance
of clothing and self-esteem in social, school, and leisure situations among
adolescents in a metropolitan city to elucidate the development of self
through personal appearance. Seventh and eighth grade female students responded
to a self-administered questionnaire composed of Newton's Clothing Comfort
Dimensions, Importance by Situation (1984) and the Karmos Sliding Person
Test of Self-esteem (1977). Significant relationships were found between
the importance of clothing and self-esteem scores in leisure situations.
As self-esteem decreased, clothing became less important in leisure situations.
Clothing was found to be unimportant for females with low self-esteem.
KEYWORDS: Self-esteem
Davies, E., & Furnham, A. (1986). Body satisfaction in adolescent
girls. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 59(3), 279-287.
ABSTRACT: The study examined body satisfaction in 4 age groups of 182 female
British adolescents. Overall satisfaction with 9 body features declined
from age 12 to 18 years, particularly upper thigh, buttocks, and stomach
measurements. Results suggest that body satisfaction declines during adolescence
and is linked to psychological self-esteem and excessive dieting.
KEYWORDS: Body weight; Body satisfaction
Davies, K., & Wardle, J. (1994). Body image and dieting in pregnancy.
Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 38(8), 787-799.
ABSTRACT: The study evaluated body image, body satisfaction, and body shape
ideals in pregnant women to identify whether the pregnancy role confers
respectability or acceptability on a weight gain which would otherwise be
unacceptable. Results indicated that pregnancy was not associated with any
relaxation of body image ideals, as pregnant women chose a similar size
of figure to non-pregnant women as their ideal.
KEYWORDS: Body size; Body image; Body satisfaction; Body shape
Davis, L. L. (1981). Conformity and judgments of fashionability.
Dissertation Abstracts International, 42(05), 1839B, Purdue University.
ABSTRACT: Conformity in judgments of the fashionability of garments was
investigated using an established conformity paradigm developed by Asch
(1951) and Sherif (1935). Subjects were 160 female undergraduate students.
Participants made a reassessment of their original opinions of the fashionability
of six women's suits after being exposed to opinions attributed to one of
the four reference groups. Greater conformity resulted for the more subjective
judgments of future fashionability than to judgments of present fashionability.
Individuals conformed more to the opinion of others when the opinion was
attributed to fashion experts than when the opinion was attributed to housewives,
college females, or career women.
KEYWORDS: Conformity; Judgments of fashionability
Davis, L. L. (1985). Perceived somatotype, body cathexis, and attitudes
toward clothing among college females. Perceptual and Motor Skills,
61(3, Pt 2), 1199-1205. Oregon State University, Corvallis.
ABSTRACT: The study investigated the relationship between perceived somatotype
and body cathexis and assessed the perceived ideal somatotype among 91 female
college students (aged 19-24). Subjects were administered a perceived somatotype
scale, a body-cathexis scale, and several measures of fashion and clothing
interest and use. Results indicate that the ectomorphic build was perceived
as the ideal somatotype for college females. As subjects' self-perceived
somatotype deviated from the ideal and moved toward the mesomorphic and
endomorphic, body cathexis scores decreased. Contrary to stereotypic assumptions,
perceived somatotype was unrelated to the fashion and clothing measures.
KEYWORDS: Body cathexis; Somatotype
Davis, C. (1990). Body image and weight preoccupation: A comparison
between exercising and non-exercising women. Appetite, 15(1), 13-21.
ABSTRACT: Relationships were examined among certain personality characteristics
and variables which assess weight, diet, and appearance concerns for two
groups of women, one group who were avid exercisers, and a second group
who were occasionally or not at all exercisers. Dedication to reguler exercice
may foster an distorted impression of body size and an increased likelihood
of developing an obsessive attitude toward weight control.
KEYWORDS: Body size; Body image; Body mass index; Appetite disorders
Davis, L. C. (1990). Self-esteem, body satisfaction, and depressive
thought content: Relationship to eating behaviors in a female high school
population. Unpublished master's thesis, Pacific Lutheran University.
ABSTRACT: A battery of questionnaires consisting of the Eating Disorders
Inventory, Beck's Depression Inventory, the Body Cathexis Scale, and the
Piers-Harris Children's Self-concept Scale was used to determine the relationship
among eating behaviors and self-esteem, cognitive/depressive thought patterns
and body satisfaction in a high school female populations. The questionnaires
were administered to a sample of 45 high school sophomore females. Results
indicate that eating behaviors and self-esteem, cognitive/depressive thought
patterns, and body satisfaction were significantly related for the females
in this study.
KEYWORDS: Self-esteem; Body satisfaction; Eating behaviors
Davis, C., & Cowles, M. (1991). Body image and exercise: A study
of relationships and comparisons between physically active men and women.
Sex Roles, 25(1-2), 33-44.
ABSTRACT: Samples of 112 female (aged 14-58 years) and 88 male (aged 16-64
years) self-identified regular exercisers were compared on variables related
to body image, weight and diet concerns, and degree of exercise participation.
Findings indicated that women were more dissatisfied with their bodies and
placed greater importance on their appearance as an influence on their feelings
of well-being. Thus, women were more likely than men to exercise and to
try and lose weight.
KEYWORDS: Body Satisfaction; Body image
Davis, C., Elliott, S., Dionne, M., & Mitchell, I. (1991). The
relationship of personality factors and physical activity to body satisfaction
in men. Personality and Individual Differences, 12(7), 689-694.
ABSTRACT: The study examined a battery of assessments given to 103 male
university students and 88 males (aged 16-64 years) who engaged in recreational
or assiduous exercise. It was found that neuroticism was a significant predictor
of body dissatisfaction in both groups; however, it accounted for a substantially
greater proportion of the variance among exercising men. Results also indicated
that physical activity participation and body dissatisfaction were negatively
related, although it is not clear whether exercise promoted body satisfaction
or whether men who were satisfied with their appearance were likely to be
physically active.
KEYWORDS: Body satisfaction; Physical activity
Davis, C. (1992). Body image, dieting behaviors, and personality
factors: A study of high-performance female. International Journal of
Sport Psychology, 23(3), 179-192.
ABSTRACT: The study investigated the role of personality factors and body
image in the weight preoccupation among 99 high-performance female athletes
(aged 13-30 yrs) and 111 nonathlete controls (aged 18-30 yrs), using a self-report
survey that indicated a measure of subjective body size. Results show that
subjective body size was strongly related to weight and diet concerns. Comparisons
with nonathletes indicated a greater number of athletes who were underweight
wanted to lose weight and were frequently dieting.
KEYWORDS: Body size; Body image
Davis, C., & Fox, J. (1993). Excessive exercise weight preoccupation
in women. Addictive Behaviors, 18(2), 201-211.
ABSTRACT: The study sought to (1) investigate whether excessive exercisers
have specific characteristics in common other than that they exercise a
great deal, (2) identify the degree of relationship between exercising and
weight preoccupation and the extent to which those classified as excessive
on either dimension have psychological characteristics in common. The study
assessed 351 adult women on several psychological, behavioral, and body
composition measures including weight preoccupation and leisure-time physical
activity participation. Excessive exercisers reported greater body satisfaction
and body focus, were less emotionally reactive (neurotic), and more extraverted
than nonexercisers.
KEYWORDS: Body awareness; Body weight; Body satisfaction; Body composition
Davis, C., Brewer, H., & Weinstein, M. (1993). A study of appearance
in young men. Social Behavior and Personality, 21(1), 63-74.
ABSTRACT: A study of how and why men are becoming more concerned about matters
of physical appearance and are reporting a greater degree of negative body
image than in previous generations. The study uses a battery of psychological
tests measuring appearance anxiety (AAX), situational trait anxiety, body
esteem, and body dissatisfaction. The study indicates that AAX was used
to predict self-reported distress during a body composition valuation.
KEYWORDS: Body-esteem; Physical appearance; Body image
Davis, S. M. (1994). Women's attitudes toward their fathers: Are
these related to their body image and self-esteem. Unpublished master's
thesis, California State University, Long Beach.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Self-esteem; Body image
Davis, H., & Gergen, P. J. (1994). The weights and heights of
mexican-american adolescents. American Journal of Public Health,
84(3), 459-462.
ABSTRACT: The study evaluated the accuracy of the self-reported weights
and heights of 392 male and 437 female Mexican-American adolescents (aged
12-19 yrs) in the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination survey. High
correlations were found between reported and measured values for weight,
height, and body mass index (BMI). However, subjects with low measured BMI
overestimated their weights, while subjects with high measured BMI underestimated
theirs. Younger subjects were more likely to underestimate their height,
while older subjects were more likely to overestimate theirs.
KEYWORDS: Body weight; Body height
Davis, C., Durnin, J. V. G. A., Dionne, M., & Gurevich, M. (1994).
The influence of body fat content and bone diameter measurements on body
dissatisfaction in adult women. International Journal of Eating Disorders,
15(3), 257-263.
ABSTRACT: This study investigated the simultaneous influence of various
anthropometric factors on body dissatisfaction in adult women while controlling
for psychological and behavioral factors known to covary with it. It appears
that anatomical factors that are resistant to change by caloric restriction
or physical activity are a significant influence in the degree to which
women report discontent with their body shape.
KEYWORDS: Body measurements; Body fat; Self-perception; Body image; Body
size; Body shape
Davis, C., Durnin, J. V. G. A., & Elliott, S. (1995). Social,
psychological, and behavioral factors related to body size in adult men
and women: A comparison of methods. Annals of Behavioral Medicine,
17(1), 25-31.
ABSTRACT: The study investigated possible differences in the relationships
between (1) a number of psychosocial and behavioral independent variables
previously associated with obesity and (2) body size when assessments are
made by body mass index (BMI) vs estimation of percent body fat from skin
fold thicknesses. A higher percent body fat was associated with less frequent
exercise participation, slower walking speed, reduced levels of trait anxiety,
and a greater tendency to diet. Findings underscore the importance of measurement
techniques and classification procedures in obesity research.
KEYWORDS: Body size; Body image
Dawson, R. M. (1994). Acceptance of new sizing standards for mature
women by apparel manufacturers, retailers, and consumers. Masters, Illinois
State University.
ABSTRACT: Women's clothing industry. Consumers' preferences. Clothing and
dress -- Marketing. Retail trade surveys.
KEYWORDS: Sizing standards
De Ridder, C., Thijssen, J., Bruning, P., Van den Brande, J., & Zonderland,
M. (1992). Body fat mass, body fat distribution, and pubertal development:
a longitudal study of physical and hormonal sexual maturation of girls.
The journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism, 75(2), 422.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body
Delignieres, D., Marcellini, A., Brisswalter, J., & Legros, P. (1994).
Self-perception of fitness and personality traits. Perceptual and Motor
Skills, 78(3, Pt 1), 843-851.
The study examined how middle-aged adults perceived their own physical fitness.
Results indicated that self-appraisal of physical capacities was mainly
influenced by a general attitude toward the physical self, and physical
self-worth was related to self-esteem, anxiety, and masculinity.
KEYWORDS: Self-esteem; Personality traits; Self-perception; Physical fitness
DeLoughery, J. L. (1990). Weight for height and body mass index
reference tables for elderly individuals. Unpublished master's thesis,
University of Nebraska, Lincoln.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body mass
De Nicolais, S. (1995). Fashion: Super body curves. Cosmopolitan; Vol. 291, number 5.
ABSTRACT: (none)
Denniston, C. D. (1990). Body image and depression among college
women: A multimodal approach. Unpublished master's thesis, Loyola College,
Maryland.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body image; Self-perception
Devlin, D. I. (1990). Attitude toward physical activity and body
image of more and less active older adults. Unpublished master's thesis,
Washington State University, Pullman.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body image; Physical fitness; Self-perception
Diamond, J. E. (1994) Fashion apparel and accessories. Delmar Publishers Inc. Nassau Community College.
ABSTRACT: This book provides a complete look at the fundamentals of
apparel and accessories by exploring each of the fashion industries major
components. On section of the book talks about the silhouette (the shape
or outline of the garment). The silhouette can change from season to season,
usually running in cycles that last for varying periods of time. Design
principles (balance, proportion, emphasis, rhythm, and harmony) are also
discussed in the same section. Lastly a section discussing the beginning
of our design from the sketch, pattern, cutting, to construction is outlined
in the book.
Diedrick, P. A. (1989). Defining self-esteem, self-worth and self-efficacy
of women. Dissertation Abstracts International, 49(09), 4055B, University
of Georgia.
ABSTRACT: The study investigated two dimensions of self-esteem (worth, as
perceptions of morality, and efficacy, as perceptions of instrumentality)
in 309 college females. Of the participants, 47 aspired to traditional female
careers, and 141 aspired to traditional male careers. The remainder were
planning careers that were neither traditional female nor traditional male,
or had not decided on a career. The study concluded that (a) self-efficacy
was the most relevant dimension of self-esteem for both groups, (b) self-worth
was also important to the self-esteem of woman who inspire to traditional
career, (c) there is little association between self-esteem and perceptions
of relationships with parents.
KEYWORDS: Self-esteem; Self-worth; Self-efficacy
DiNucci, J. M., Finkenberg, M. E., McCune, S. L., McCune, E. D., &
Mayo, T. (1994). Analysis of body esteem of female collegiate athletes.
Perceptual and Motor Skills, 78(1), 315-319.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body esteem; Collegiate athletes
Dipietro, L., Caspersen, C. J., Ostfeld, A. M., & Nadel, E. R. (1993).
A survey for assessing physical activity among older adults. Medicine and
Science in Sports and Exercise, 25(5), 628-642.
ABSTRACT: The study administered the Yale Physical Activity Survey (YPAS)
to 222 healthy older volunteers (aged 60-86 years) to establish its 2-week
repeatability and relative validity. For subjects in the validation substudy
weekly energy expenditure and daily hours spent sitting, correlated with
resting disatolic blood pressure, while YPAS activity dimension summary
index correlated positively with estimated VO-sub(2max) and inversely with
percent body fat. The YPAS index of vigorous activity also correlated positively
with estimated VO-sub(2max), and the moving index correlated marginally
with body mass index.
KEYWORDS: Body; Exercise; Test-validity
Dolan, B. M., Lacey, J. H., & Evans, C. (1990). Eating behavior
and attitudes to weight and shape in British women from three ethnic groups.
British Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 523-528.
ABSTRACT: The study examined attitudes toward eating, weight, and shape
by surveying 365 Caucasian, 71 Afro-Caribbean, and 43 Asian British women.
Results found no difference among the three groups in their concern with
body weight and shape. Caucasian subjects' disordered eating attitudes were
indicated to have a significantly positively correlated with feelings of
anxiety and depression compared to the other two groups.
KEYWORDS: Body image; Racial and ethnic differences; Eating behavior
Dolber, A. (1981). The role of dress in the formation of first impressions: An investigation of psychological dimensions of discrimination. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Florida Institute of Technology.
ABSTRACT: The research reported is an exploratory study of the dimensions
of discrimination employed by male and female adults when they view males
dressed in four distinctly different styles of clothing. The methodological
paradigm employed is that of the semantic differential. Subjects rated each
of the 4 clothing styles on a set of 30 adjective pairs developed by Osgood,
Suci, and Tannenbaum in their development of the semantic differential,
and 10 of which were developed by the author with specific reference to
the subject of clothing and fashion. Repeated measures analyses of variance
of factor scores indicated that the four clothing styles represented in
the study differed significantly from each other wit respect to mean ratings
assigned by male and female observers with respect to each of the identified
factors. Results of the study were discussed in terms of the functions of
clothing in society and the implications for individuals desiring to present
a particular image.
Dolce, J. J., Thompson, J. K., Register, A., & Spans, R. E. (1987).
Generalization of body size distortion. International Journal of Eating
Disorders, 6(3), 401-408.
ABSTRACT: The study assessed levels of body size overestimation for self-relevant
body areas and corresponding sites on a normal-sized department store mannequin
in 34 asymtomatic, normal-weight college females (17 Blacks, 17 Whites).
Results indicate a greater number of significant correlations among self-estimates
and mannequin scores than significant relationships between self and mannequin
distortion quotients.
KEYWORDS: Body size; Body weight
Doss, F. D. (1990). Clothing availability from department and
specialty stores: Implications for self-esteem, body satisfaction, and design
line preference of large-size women. Unpublished master's thesis, Virginia
Polytechnic Institute and State University.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Self-esteem; Body image; Clothing and dress
Dowdney, L., Woodward, L., Pickles, A., & Skuse, D. (1995). The
body image perception and attitude scale for children: Reliability in growth
retarded and community comparison subjects. International Journal of
Methods in Psychiatric Research, 5(1), 29-40.
ABSTRACT: The study examined issues relating to the Body Perception Scale
(BPS) for 16 children with chronic nonorganic growth retardation (case sample/CAS),
ages ranged from 10 and 11 years, together with, 16 age-matched normal comparisons
(community sample/COS). The COS's choice of their perceived height and perceived
body shape ranged across the scales. The CAS's choice of perceived height
was biased towards the lower end of the scale, but their range of shape
choices was greater than COS's choice. The salience of any given size measure
is likely to be one of the factors that will influence precision of children's
choice.
KEYWORDS: Body shape
Drake, S. K. (1994). Perceived influence of significant others
on body shape of female and male college students. Unpublished master's
thesis, Eastern Illinois University.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body image
Drewnowski, A., Yee, D. (1987). Men and body image: are men satisfied
with their body weight? Psychosomatic medicine, 49(6), 626-634.
ABSTRACT: Examined the desire for thinness or weight gain among 226 male
and female freshmen students. Most women(85%) wished to lose weight. Men
expressed conflicting views regarding desirefor thinness and were almost
evenly split between those who wanted to lose weight (40%) and those who
wished to gain weight (45%). The proportion of men and women who expressed
no desire for weight change was comparable. Men and women who wished to
lose weight share negative body perceptions: both groups viewed themselves
as overweight, and both expressed dissatisfaction with body shape. However,
men used exercise for weight contrl while women resorted to calorie diets.
It is suggested that key risk factor for eating disorders may be dieting
itself.
KEYWORDS: Body image; Weight satisfaction
Drewnowski, A., Kurth, C. L., & Krahn, D. D. (1995). Effects
of body image on dieting, exercise, and anabolic steroid use in adolescent
males. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 17(4), 381-386.
ABSTRACT: The study examined body image, dieting and exercise variables,
and steroid use in 2,088 male high-school graduates (mean age 17.8 years).
Results indicate that men who wished to gain weight were more satisfied
with their body shape, showed no fear of fatness and dieted and excercised
less frequently than did men who wished to lose weight. Anabolic steroid
use was rare and was not associated with a desire for weight gain.
KEYWORDS: Body; Body image; Excercise; Diets; Steroid
DuBois, K. E. (1984). The social judgment scale of body composition.
Unpublished master's thesis, North Texas State University.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body image; Somatotypes; Obesity
Dudas, T. (1981). The psychopathic character structure: a correlatonal
study of body type and personality correlates. Doctoral dissertation,
California school of professional psychology, Berkley/Alameda.
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to odtain empirical evidence for
a correlation between body-type and personality style. It was predicted
that two qualified raters could rate body type with a high inter-rater reliability.
...(abridged)
KEYWORDS: Body type; Personality
Duffy, M. (1945). The HOAX fashion formula: Dress the body type
you have to look like the body you want. Tucson, Arizona: The Body Press.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body type; Clothing and dress
Duffy, N. (1992). The relationship of anthropometrics to body
weight in adult subjects. Unpublished master's thesis, University of
North Carolina, Charlotte.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body weight; Anthropometry
Duke, K. W. (1980). Body composition and somatotype of mentally
retarded young males. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Texas Woman's
University.
The study was designed to characterize a sample of young mentally retarded
males as to body composition and somatotype. Efforts focused on determination
of the effectiveness of selected anthropometric approaches to the determination
of body composition from a field measurement research environment. The study
uses 7 procedures which utilize anthropometric measurements to predict percent
body fat were compared for predictive capability, included five girths,
four widths, and eight skinfolds. Subjects were180 retarded males in the
6 to 17 year age range. Results indicated that significant diferrences were
evident in the predictive capabilities of the six prediction methods at
each age level studied. The older subjects had greater body fat than younger
subjects.
KEYWORDS: Body weight; Somatotype; Body composition
Duncan, M. C. (1994). The politics of women's body images and practices:
Foucault, the panopticon, and shape magazine. Journal of sport and social
issues, 18(1), 48.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body; Body image
Dupler, T. L. (1991). The effects of a weight training program on
an active elderly population. Unpublished master's thesis, University
of Houston.
ABSTRACT: A total of 20 active elderly subjects (mean age= 66.4 years) participated
in a 12 week training program were recruited. The male subjects (n=11) saw
a 65.1% increase in total maximum weight lifted while the females saw a
72.2% increase. This study demontrated the positive effects an exercise
training regimen can have on an elderly population.
KEYWORDS: Body weight; Weight training program; Elderly
Durham, M. E. (1985). Body weight in relationship to self-concept
and assertiveness. Unpublished master's thesis, California State University,
Long Beach.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body weight; Self-concept; Self-esteem; Obesity
Dutton, K. R., & Laura, R. S. (1994, September). The perfect
body-conclusion. Joe Weider's Muscle and Fitness, 55, 142.
ABSTRACT: The Greek conception of the ideal human figure has been captured
by 20th-century bodybuilders.
KEYWORDS: Body
Dutton, K. R. (1995). The perfectible body: The Western ideal
of physical development. St. Leonards, North South Wales: Allen &
Unwin.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body image; Body building
Dworkin, S. H. (1984). A comparison of interventions for women experiencing
body image problems. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of
Nebraska, Lincoln.
ABSTRACT: The study investigated the effects of three counseling interventions
on women's body image and self-concept. Women experiencing body image problems
(N=79) completed Secord and Jourard's (1953) Body-Cathexis and Self-Cathexis
Scales and were classified into either moderate or severe body image disturbance
groups. Results show that cognitive therapy techniques were most effective
for body image, and cognitive behavior therapy techniques were most effective
for self-concept. Participants in both classifications improved significantly
on body image.
KEYWORDS: Body image; Body cathexis